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Climate & change

Understand the science behind a changing everyday world.

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Climate & change · Guide

What is climate change?

Climate change is a long-term shift in average weather patterns, from local rainfall and temperature to global conditions. Today’s warming trend is driven mainly by human greenhouse gas emissions, though natural influences also affect climate.

· 3 min 51 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is the natural process that keeps Earth warm enough for life. Learn how gases slow heat loss, why human activity is strengthening the effect, and how it differs from weather or the ozone layer.

· 2 min 54 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is a carbon footprint?

A carbon footprint estimates greenhouse gas emissions linked to an activity, product, household or organization. Understand what it includes, why estimates vary and how to use one as a practical guide rather than a personal verdict.

· 3 min 27 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

Weather vs climate?

Weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions; climate describes the patterns and averages that emerge over decades. Keeping the timescales distinct helps explain why a cold day can occur during a warming trend.

· 3 min 41 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What causes global warming?

Today’s global warming is caused mainly by human activities that increase heat-trapping greenhouse gases, especially fossil fuel burning. The greenhouse effect is natural; the problem is its human-driven strengthening.

· 3 min 41 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is the Paris Agreement?

The Paris Agreement is an international climate agreement adopted in 2015, with a goal of limiting warming and a process for countries to set and strengthen national climate plans. Its targets depend on action and implementation.

· 2 min 56 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

Global warming vs climate change?

Global warming describes the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature; climate change includes that warming and broader shifts in weather patterns. Knowing the distinction helps make sense of evidence and avoid treating one cold day as a rebuttal.

· 2 min 54 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is an urban heat island?

An urban heat island is a built-up area that is warmer than surrounding less-developed areas, especially under certain weather conditions and at particular times. Learn what the term measures, why the pattern forms and how to interpret local temperature comparisons.

· 2 min 53 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is carbon sequestration?

Carbon sequestration is the capture and storage of carbon, including carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere or kept from entering it. This guide explains the main distinction, why storage duration matters and what to look for in a sequestration claim.

· 3 min 7 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

How to reduce your carbon footprint?

Reducing a carbon footprint starts with identifying major sources such as home energy, transport and consumption, then choosing changes that fit local options and daily needs. A focused plan beats an imprecise list of universal fixes.

· 3 min 29 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What are carbon offsets?

Carbon offsets are credits used to balance emissions by supporting a claimed reduction or removal elsewhere. Learn what a credit represents, why offset quality varies, and how to assess offsets without treating them as a substitute for cutting emissions.

· 3 min 10 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What is climate justice?

Climate justice asks how climate harms and climate action are distributed, who has power in decisions and what responsibilities follow. Here are practical questions for evaluating a policy or project.

· 3 min 8 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

What does net zero mean?

Net zero means cutting greenhouse gas emissions to a small residual amount and balancing that remainder with removal and durable storage. Credible claims need a clear boundary, near-term reductions and transparent treatment of residual emissions.

· 3 min 25 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

Climate change and floods?

Climate change can increase flood risk by influencing heavy rainfall and sea levels, but flooding also depends on terrain, drainage and exposure. Learn what the connection means for a particular place.

· 3 min 2 sec read ↗

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Climate & change · Guide

Climate change and drought?

Climate change can raise drought risk by increasing heat and evaporation, but drought also depends on rainfall, soils, water use and location. Learn how to tell these factors apart and where to start.

· 3 min 17 sec read ↗